Neuroimaging Experiments and Memory Loss Studies

Neuroimaging experiments are applicable in the study of memory loss. Brain imaging is very crucial. This is because it enables the examination of the cognitive and affective processes. The â€Å"functional Magnetic Resonance imaging,† (fMRI) may also be applicable in the examination of memory loss. It facilitates the gathering of images related to various neural actions. These actions are pertinent to specific stimuli.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Neuroimaging Experiments and Memory Loss Studies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Notably, these stimuli occur within adequate intervals. Most of the commonly set intervals are 14-16 seconds. The investigator determines the baseline condition. Ideally, this simply stands for the neural activity of the individual under examination. It is also important to average the outcomes of individual trials. For consistency, it is necessary to document the time taken to a chieve the various results. The random trial selection may include another methodology applied in these processes. Randomization enables the analysis of specific trials during the process of investigation. Evidently, it enhances the process of identification of major experimental errors. There are potential benefits associated with averaging. For instance, it allows the elimination of temporal limitations caused by hemodynamic responses. Additionally, it enables the specification of disparities in periods of fMRI signals. These differences in periods can be as short as 100ms. However, in order to attain consistent and accurate outcomes, it is necessary to conduct several trials. Observably, the randomization processes remain difficult. It is important to engage the use of â€Å"single-photon emission computed tomography,† (SPECT). This is because it improves the outcome of the empirical investigation. SPECT refers to a neuroimaging technique. It enables for the construction o f three-dimensional data pertinent to the basic neural activities. SPECT enhances the outcome of the investigation. This is because it enables selection of data from all parts of the brain. Indicatively, the fMRI performs a similar role. However, fMRI lacks certain specific features within the SPECT. â€Å"Fusiform Gyrus† offers the main region for the activation process during this experiment. It operates as the region for recognition of colors, faces and words. Visual Processing in the Brain Pathways are very important elements. They permit the development of visual information. These critical pathways include the ventral and the dorsal pathways. The elementary visual cortex forms the fundamental source of visual information. Information process move through these pathways in a logical manner.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, within the larger dorsal pathw ay, basic data initially flows through the visual region 1. Consequently, it travels to the visual region 2. This critical information further moves to the important dorsomedial region. Notably, some also reach the visual region MT. This information finally arrives at the â€Å"posterior parietal cortex†. This important pathway is typically associated with actions or activities that involve motion and location of objects. Visual regions 1 mainly deal with colors and angle lines. On the other hand, the visual region 2 explicitly deals with motion and depth. Observably, the visual region MT operates to aid the process of optic flow. This process also assists the motions within the environment. The motion within the ventral pathways is crucial. In this pathway, information moves through the visual region 1. Consequently, there is another vital move to the visual region 2. Eventually, there is passage of this important information to the last visual region 4. The â€Å"inferior temporal cortex† provides the next destination for this vital information. Every ventral pathway has a sole preserve to identify the forms. In addition, they are associated with deposition of objects. The ventral pathway enables individuals to keep information for a long time. Visual region 4 is deals with the perception of shapes and complex patterns. Individuals may lose their capacities to recognize objects. This may occur irrespective of an individual’s visual incompetency. Therefore, it is possible for a person to be unable to recognize objects. However, in this process, an individual’s intelligence level might remain equally high and upheld. This condition is widely termed as agnosia. However, the inadequacy of knowledge about an object does not necessarily mean existence of object agnosia. Brain damage remains as one of the most important and recognizable leading causes of the agnosia condition. Indicatively, injuries leading to this condition may not resu lt into the damage of the eyes. Additionally, they might also not lead to the total loss of intelligence. It is noteworthy to indicate that brain damages that involve the â€Å"Fusiform gyrus† are vital. This is because they might initiate the development of object agnosia. Principally, this region of the brain mainly deals with recognition of objects. Therefore, object agnosia remains elementarily associated with impairments within the ventral pathway.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Neuroimaging Experiments and Memory Loss Studies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Gate-control Model of Pain The â€Å"Gate-control model of pain† is very crucial. According to this model, the direct activation of â€Å"receptor neurons of pain† never causes substantial pain. However, the modulation of sensitivity of pain occurs through the interaction of diverse neurons. Pain signals are more likely to ent er into the body. After this entry, they undergo translocation to the human brain. This process occurs via the spinal cord. Notably, there are other important pathways of transferring pain signals to the brain. The main idea is that signals from these other pathways open or close gates. The gates exist within the human spinal cord. These affect the severity of the signal that leaves the spinal cord. Research findings have indicated that various factors affect the perception of pain. These factors include expectation and attention variability. Others include the different stimuli that have the capacity to distort a person’s hypnosis. The above outlined indications have the capacity to change the perception of pain. This is despite the fact that they never involve drug use in therapeutic processes. In order to experience pain relief, some patients take the placebo. However, a placebo is not a drug. Despite this fact, the patients experience significant pain relief after taking the placebo. Attention of individuals with third degree burns or other capital injuries usually shifts. This is achievable through techniques that assist them not to feel pain. Stimuli pictures also distract the attention of persons undergoing immense pain. These individuals focus more on the content of the stimuli. These processes indicate the validity of the â€Å"gate control model of pain.† Several investigations focus on virtual reality pain. These have had considerable improvements in the treatment of severe physical pain. The application of this reality approach in the therapeutic process is vital. This is because it relieves individuals of their pain. This is attainable without the application of appropriate drugs. Personally, I have never experienced the outlined cognitive methods of pain control. However, their effectiveness is unquestionable. Mirror Neurons Mirror neurons are crucial because they control the feelings of empathy. Additionally, mirror neurons play a vital role in learning. These neurons are unique since they can fire when an individual performs an action. This is also eminent when an individual observes a similar action.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, neuroactivity is crucial and remains similar within most individuals. These important neurons exist within two parts of the brain. These include the premotor cortex and the renowned parietal cortex. Other regions where these neurons exist include the supplementary motor location and the larger elementary somatosensory cortex. According to most recent investigations, autism emerges from the various deficiencies within the mirror neurons. Some studies have noted that Electroencephalography (EEG) and â€Å"Magnetoencephalograpghy† (MEG) portray critical functionality trends. For instance, they remain in suppression. This is notable when personalities watch the movements of others. These recordings mainly concern the motor region. This indicates that watching others relates to systems of the mirror neurons. However, the suppression of the recordings among children with autism is low. Therefore, the autistic children depict dysfunctional systems within their mirror neur ons. Other important investigations indicate that all autistic children have functional systems within their mirror neurons. This observation is the opposite of other previous investigations. They propose that the systems are functional but not highly sensitive. Further, there are arguments that impairment of systems of mirror neurons is the likely cause of autism. This impairment causes disabilities. These associations are extremely simplistic. A majority of the investigators fail to record the activities of mirror neurons. The methods used to measure suppressions of motor regions do not file mirror neurons. Hence, the idea can assist in understanding autism. Apart from this, it might help to comprehend the behaviors in autistic children. There is an urgent need for extensive research to determine the relationship between the deficiency in mirror neurons and autism. Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases Multiple sclerosis, (MS) is a potential health complication. It affects humans’ brains and the spinal cords. It results into the progressive loss of control of muscles and vision. Additionally, the complication also interferes with proper balance and understanding. With this condition, there is a notable damage of the nerves of the spinal cord and brain. This process occurs through the specific immune system. One of the characteristics of this condition is the chronic inflammation of the nervous system. This condition mainly affects the teenagers and the elderly, of approximately 50 years and above. Alzheimer’s complication refers to the situation in which there is a potential destruction of individual’s memory. The condition is progressive, and loss of neurons occurs permanently. Memory becomes impaired during the progression of the condition. It also affects reasoning, language and planning. As the condition develops, tangles form in the brain. This progressively causes the death of important brain cells. It is characterized by deficiencies in brain chemicals. These chemicals help to transmit information. This condition mainly affects individuals of 65 years and above. Parkinson’s health complication is identifiable through continuous loss of ability to control muscles. Parkinson’s disease refers to a persistent nervous system condition. It affects a person’s movements, speech and ability to write. Additionally, persons with the condition experience stiffness and tremors. This means that the condition affects the ability of the brain to coordinate movements of muscles. Personally, I would rather suffer from Parkinson’s disease. The condition does not lead to brain damage. Consequently, I would give priority to research on Alzheimer’s disease. An approximate of 5.1 million U.S. citizens suffers from this condition. This is higher relative to those citizens suffering from Parkinson’s and Multiple sclerosis. Alzheimer and Koraskoff’s typ es of Memory Loss Alzheimer and Koraskoff’s diseases cause memory loss. Alzheimer’s disease primarily affects the abilities of individuals to remember events. It also destroys the â€Å"thought skills.† It is strongly associated with dementia. This refers to loss of thinking, reasoning and remembering skills. In general, these are cognitive skills. They are commonly termed as behavioral abilities. On the other hand, Koraskoff’s condition refers to a form or situation that entails potential memory loss. It is due to high inadequacy of thiamine in the body. Alcohol abuse is a major contributory factor to this condition. It is preventable. Some of its behavioral symptoms include memory loss and inability to be engaged in rational conversations. The complication is also associated with the development of plaques and tangles. These are notable within the brain. Notably, Koraskoff’s disease affects vital sections within the brain. These segments coordina te memory functions. Memory systems do present evidence for modularity. Memory systems have structures with explicit functions. The structures have undergone modification over longer periods. They are also highly specialized to perform specific duties. Thus, in case one section of the memory system dysfunctions, memory loss occurs. Most persons suffering from memory loss may lose their perceptions of color. Generally, mental processes are never randomly distributed. In order to survive, humans must adapt to their environment. Natural selection ensured that the modern human became complex and capable of surviving in the world. Evidently, each structure of the human brain has to specialize. Memory systems indicate that modularity of mental processes transpire within the brain. Pheromones Chemicals released by human sweat and other fluids are important. They might spread neurotransmitters. These have the capacity to affect actions of people of the opposite sex. They are termed as the p heromones. These chemicals enable communication with individuals of the opposite sex. Pheromones affect both sexual and non-sexual actions. Pheromones increase the regularity of dates, foreplay and sexual activity. Vomeronasal organ, (VNO) detects the pheromones. Humans usually create a breeze around them. The breeze transports pheromones to other persons. The detection of these pheromones by a person of the opposite sex can result in to the creation of sexual attraction. Pheromones can pass several features such as hostility and anxiety among others. Research on pheromones has led to development of perfumes. These perfumes contain pheromone additives. In the creation of attractiveness, pheromones usually make individuals to feel comfortable and safe. Certain investigations indicate that there are similar effects of pheromones on women and gay men. Male pheromone has the same effect on brain activity of gay men and straight women. Thus, brain function and sexual orientation of an in dividual are related. This shows that sexual orientation is an influence of imagination and brain activity of a person. The studies indicate that gay men think in the same way straight women think. This is because their brain activity, in response to male pheromone, is similar. Thus, a gay man is likely to feel attracted to a male the same way a straight woman feels about the same male person. Effects of Legal and Illegal Addictive Drugs Some legal and illegal drugs are addictive. Alcohol is an example of an addictive but legal drug. It affects the ability of an individual to function properly. Excessive consumption of alcohol leads to alteration of brain chemistry. This has the potential to increase depression and dependence. It can lead to psychosis. Additionally, it is often associated with hallucinations. The withdrawal symptoms include tremors as well as nervousness. Additionally, palpitations accompany the withdrawal symptoms. The withdrawal symptoms usually resemble chronic a nxiety. Individuals have different tolerance levels of alcohol. However, excessive and continuous consumption leads to almost similar symptoms. The symptoms are different from the effects of cocaine consumption. Cocaine is an illegal drug. It causes blockage of nerve impulses. It also causes activation of the â€Å"parasympathetic nervous† system. It often results in to increase in energy, and attentiveness. Additionally, users experience seizures and agitation. The effects of cocaine are usually gross. This is relative to the effects of alcohol consumption. It is necessary to prohibit the use of alcohol and cocaine. This is due to their negative effects on the human body. Furthermore, alcohol consumption requires appropriate and stringent control measures. Changes in legislation regarding alcohol consumption are necessary within all environments. There should be a reduction in the duration of alcohol consumption by individuals. However, laws regarding cocaine use must be ver y strict. Not all drugs are illegal. Consumption of some drugs lack severe effects. Drugs like nicotine do not result in to severe conditions. Children must undergo training on the negative effects of drug addiction at an early age. Neuropsychological diseases and Psychiatric Disorders There are several differences between the neurological and psychiatric complications within human beings. Neurological disorders affect the nervous system. On the other hand, psychiatric complications refer to basic mental disorders. The symptoms of psychiatric disorders manifest in behavior of individuals. The symptoms of neurological disorders are largely observable. Some of these include paralysis and notable weaknesses in the muscles. Other symptoms include the poor control of muscles, seizures and pain. Psychiatric disorders are identifiable through individual actions, thoughts and perceptions. The major causes of neurological diseases include brain and nerve injuries. Others are genetic disorder s. There are diverse factors capable of causing psychiatric disorders. Some of these remain unclear. There are various misconceptions concerning people with psychiatric complications. The common misconception is that psychiatric patients are violent. However, this is wrong. Many individuals with psychiatric disorders have not exhibited violent tendencies. People believe that psychiatric patients experienced ineffective parenting. There is an assumption that depressed individuals possess a weak personality. The other misconception is that psychiatric disorders affect only the aged. It is important to note that this is not the case. Additionally, some people believe that psychiatric disorders are incurable. Nevertheless, there exist various methods and strategies applicable in treatment of psychiatric disorders. In addition, some community programs provide necessary support. These are crucial in the improvement of individual’s mental functioning. Observably, certain people beli eve that psychiatric disorders are not medical conditions like diabetes. Many people cannot distinguish certain disorders. These may include disorders like amnesia or schizophrenia. Individuals suffering from these conditions require different treatment methods. This is because the complications are different. Moreover, their symptoms also differ. They also bear diverse influences on human interaction and physical health. Psychiatric complications are more prevalent. This is as compared to the brain diseases. This essay on Neuroimaging Experiments and Memory Loss Studies was written and submitted by user Ibrahim V. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Paradigms

Sociology is the systematic study of human society, so when sociologists begin thinking about issues and how to connect facts they developed the theoretical paradigm (Macionis 14). Sociology has three major paradigms: the structural- functional paradigm, the social-conflict paradigm, and symbolic-interaction paradigm. The structural-functional paradigm is â€Å"a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability† (Macionis 14). The idea is that we have a stable social pattern most of the time, and that social structure gives our lives shape. This paradigm also looks for social functions. Rituals and simple courtesies keep society going (Macionis). The main characteristic of the structural-function paradigm is that society is stable. The conservative side of this paradigm is that we focus on stability even when there is conflict, which also led sociologists to develop the social-conflict paradigm. The social-conflict paradigm is â€Å"a framework for building theory that sees society as an area of inequality that generates conflict and change† (Macionis 15). Sociologists in this paradigm link such things as race, gender, age, social class, and ethnicity to inequality among money, power, and education. Thus, leading to dominant people striving to stay on top, while the subordinate try to gain more for themselves. The problem with this paradigm as well as with the structural-functional is that everything is in such broad terms, so a third paradigm was developed which represents society in everyday experiences. The symbolic-interaction paradigm is â€Å"a framework for building theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals† (Macionis 17). In this paradigm sociologists believe that society is nothing more than when people interact with each other. That is, human beings live in a world of symbols attaching to ever... Free Essays on Paradigms Free Essays on Paradigms Sociology is the systematic study of human society, so when sociologists begin thinking about issues and how to connect facts they developed the theoretical paradigm (Macionis 14). Sociology has three major paradigms: the structural- functional paradigm, the social-conflict paradigm, and symbolic-interaction paradigm. The structural-functional paradigm is â€Å"a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability† (Macionis 14). The idea is that we have a stable social pattern most of the time, and that social structure gives our lives shape. This paradigm also looks for social functions. Rituals and simple courtesies keep society going (Macionis). The main characteristic of the structural-function paradigm is that society is stable. The conservative side of this paradigm is that we focus on stability even when there is conflict, which also led sociologists to develop the social-conflict paradigm. The social-conflict paradigm is â€Å"a framework for building theory that sees society as an area of inequality that generates conflict and change† (Macionis 15). Sociologists in this paradigm link such things as race, gender, age, social class, and ethnicity to inequality among money, power, and education. Thus, leading to dominant people striving to stay on top, while the subordinate try to gain more for themselves. The problem with this paradigm as well as with the structural-functional is that everything is in such broad terms, so a third paradigm was developed which represents society in everyday experiences. The symbolic-interaction paradigm is â€Å"a framework for building theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals† (Macionis 17). In this paradigm sociologists believe that society is nothing more than when people interact with each other. That is, human beings live in a world of symbols attaching to ever...

Definition of Barnburners and Hunkers

Definition of Barnburners and Hunkers The Barnburners and Hunkers were two factions that battled for dominance of the Democratic Party in New York State in the 1840s. The two groups might have been obscure footnotes to history  remembered mostly for their colorful nicknames, but dissension between the two groups played a major role in the presidential election of 1848. The issue underlying all the fracturing of the party was rooted, as were many political disputes of the day, in the growing national debate over slavery. In the early 1800s the issue of slavery was mainly kept submerged in the national political debate. For one eight-year stretch, southern legislators had even managed to suppress any talk of slavery in the U.S. House of Representatives by invoking the infamous gag rule. But as territory acquired as a result of the Mexican War came into the Union, heated debates over which states and territories might allow slavery became a major issue. The disputes playing out in the halls of Congress also traveled into states where slavery had been outlawed for decades, including New York. Background of the Barnburners The Barnburners were New York State Democrats who were opposed to slavery. They were considered the more progressive and radical wing of the party in the 1840s. The group had splintered off from the Democratic Party following the election of 1844, when its preferred candidate, Martin Van Buren, lost the nomination. The Democrats candidate in 1844 who offended the Barnburner faction was James K. Polk,  a dark horse candidate from Tennessee who owned slaves and advocated for territorial expansion. The Barnburners were anti-slavery and viewed territorial expansion as an opportunity for pro-slavery politicians to add more slave states to the Union. The nickname Barnburners was derived from an old story. According to a dictionary of slang terms published in 1859, the nickname came from a story about an old farmer who had a barn infested with rats. He was determined to burn down the entire barn to get rid of the rats. The implication was that the political Barnburners were obsessed with one issue (in this case slavery) to such an extent that theyd burn down a political party to get their way. The name apparently originated as an insult, but members of the faction seemed to take pride in it. Background of the Hunkers The Hunkers were the more traditional wing of the Democratic Party, which, in New York State, dated back to the political machine set up by Martin Van Buren in the 1820s. The nickname Hunkers, according to Bartletts Dictionary of Americanisms, indicated those who cling to the homestead, or old principles. According to some accounts, the word hunker was a combination of hunger and hanker, and indicated that the Hunkers were always set on attaining political office no matter the cost. That also aligns to some extent with the common belief that the Hunkers were the traditional Democrats who had supported the Spoils System of Andrew Jackson. Barnburners and Hunkers in the Election of 1848 The division over slavery in America had been largely settled by the Missouri Compromise in 1820. But when the United States acquired new territory following the Mexican War, the issue of whether new territories and states would allow slavery brought the controversy back to the forefront. At the time, abolitionists were still on the fringe of society. It wouldnt be until the early 1850s, when opposition to the Fugitive Slave Act and the publication of Uncle Toms Cabin made the abolitionist movement more acceptable. Yet some political figures were already firmly opposed to the spread of slavery, and were actively seeking to keep a balance between free and slave states. In New York States powerful Democratic Party, there was a division between those who wanted to stop the spread of slavery and those who were less concerned, regarding it as a distant issue. The anti-slavery faction, the Barnburners, broke from the party regulars, the Hunkers, before the election of 1848. And the Barnburners proposed their candidate, Martin Van Buren, a former president, run on the Free Soil Party ticket. In the election, the Democrats nominated Lewis Cass, a politically powerful figure from Michigan. He ran against the Whig candidate, Zachary Taylor, a hero of the recently concluded Mexican War. Van Buren, supported by the Barnburners, did not have much chance of regaining the presidency. But he took away enough votes from the Hunker candidate, Cass, to swing the election to the Whig, Taylor.

General Functions of Management As They Related To Project Management Essay - 9

General Functions of Management As They Related To Project Management - Essay Example The researcher states that the management is involved in the project planning which includes listing all the project activities and tasks including the time taken and the relationships between the tasks. Project management can be defined the discipline which is involved in planning, organizing, leading and controlling resources in the achievement of specific goals. Project management steps include planning, organizing, project initiation, project monitoring and control and the project closure. Project managers are concerned by the project constraints which include people, time and money resource constraints. The general functions of management are applied in the successful management of projects. The management should be involved in the planning phase by establishing project plans of action which are either short term, medium term or long term. Project management also involves organization of the project resources mainly the human resources. Project manager assigns the roles and resp onsibilities to different personnel involved in the project and also delegate the authority. Just like general management, project managers have a leading function whereby they are supposed to motivate, coordinate and communicate with the project employees to ensure the project goals are achieved effectively. Project managers also control the project progress by reviewing and monitoring the project progress against the project plans and taking the necessary corrective action where deviations exist. Some of the main concerns of management include identification of the stakeholder interests and expected outcomes since numerous users of the project have different needs. Another main concern of the management is the project constraints. The main constraints include time, finances and scope hence altering one constrain will impact on the rest. If the project manager reduces the completion time, additional resources will be required to meet the new project schedule.

Planning for Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Planning for Learning - Essay Example Hence it is important to build a homework structure for them and that should find place in middle and high school. The important aspect to be observed is that the planning for learning should consider improvement but not perfection. The planning should consider recording, having the books necessary for learning, reviewing of the student's books, agreeing with the student to participate in the learning program, making them to follow assignments and study hours, keeping them honest in doing work, developing sustenance of attention to follow the planning, making the student to use a calendar to track long term assignments and periodically work on them instead of leaving them for the last minute. Another important aspect in planning a learning program is to assess the learner's needs and behavioural problems. The planning of programs for learning should be according to the assessment. The learning programs as part of the planning should follow inclusive teaching and learning strategies. The teacher should concentrate on managing the process as well as environment as the success of planning in case of ADHD students depends even on environment. At the end of the program it is necessary to assess the outcomes of learning programs. After that it is necessary for a teacher to reflect his/her performance for future practice (Arthur Robin, 2009). 2 Assessing Learners Needs Assessment can serve different purposes as it can grade the attainment of learners. In assessment teacher should consider emotional and practical needs of the student and plan accordingly. The communication that has occurred between teacher and the student helps in assessing his needs practically as well as emotionally. The important aspect in assessing is verbal questions by teacher to students and in the course trying to fulfil their emotional needs. By questioning, teacher can understand the lapses in understanding the problem by the student and that helps in developing a plan for learning for the students having behavioural problems like ADHD as they have attention deficit and, which results in lack of understanding. In addition to that practitioners found that the questioning involves the students and develops communication with teachers thus enabling them to know the points where the student lacks attention. One assessment a teacher can make by questioning is the difference bet ween the students who know and who can understand. If a teacher can find the students who just only know, he/she can plan a program that helps them in understanding the aspect and the concept of the lesson. According to David Edward Gray et al (2000), FENTO Standards for teaching recognise the importance of professional assessment of students that underpins learning as well as achievement. The assessment needs the verification of key elements like vocational curriculum, competencies, underlying knowledge and key skills. The authors of book 'Training to Teach in Further and Adult Education' state that assessment is a process by which evidence of student achievement is obtained as well as judged. It requires evidence and a scale of standards. The assessment includes the capability of the student, performance relative to his/her group and his

My First Time Home :: essays research papers

Shining brightly, in the darkness below the clouds, the lights of tall buildings rose up to meet us. As the plane turned toward Logan airport my anticipation grew; I became anxious, squirming in my seat. The giant Citgo sign, the Prudential, Copley Plaza, Long wharf, and Fenway Park were lit up, and my mind was filled with nostalgic memories that made the descent longer. Bump, thump, bump, thump went my heart as we lowered to the ground. I felt butterflies rise up in my stomach fluttering about like a small circus. My face grew red as my smile grew wider. The excitement grew; I was unable to speak. My body started shaking, if anyone touched me, I would have exploded. Beep, beep went the seat belt sign, and I launching from my chair, annoying all of the more patient passengers around me, yanked the overhead compartment door. Click, it was open, grabbing my backpack, I dashed up the ramp into the terminal. My first victory: I was the first off the plane. Running down the hallway bump, bump, bump, bump, my heartbeat quickened with the pace of my footsteps. The smell of Starbucks cappuccino filled the air, cell phones of all colors in hand, beep, beep, beep went the pagers, my boyfriend's face was warm and bright, my smile grew inches upon seeing him. I ran to his arms, outstretched. As he put squeezed me, my fantasy, my imagination, became reality; I was home for the weekend. He opened the car door, stepping in, I grabbed the cell phone, and I was off. Quickly dialing, beep, bop, beep, boop, every number I had ever known, "Hi is Kat home? Will you tell her Melissa called? Yeah, I'm home for the weekend! School's fine! Bye." Hitting the "clear" button with my left hand, my right hand began reaching and pushing the familiar, preset buttons, on the car radio; fourteen wonderful stations, all playing various types of rock'n'roll, alternative, and popular music, I knew I was in a metropolitan area, for the only cou ntry music stations were at the far end of the dial. We pulled onto "Salem Street", the sign had not changed, green with white lettering, with rust stains on the upper corners. At night the breeze cools over my back and I relish the salt air from the North Shore. Walking up to the doorway I saw the familiar lights, the kitchen was bright, blue everywhere, the countertops filled with leftovers from dinner that evening.

Ice Cream Lab

January 26, 2013 Ice Cream Lab Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to learn and investigate chemical and physical properties of food, such as flavor, texture and consistency while producing ice cream. Materials ? cup pasteurized egg 1 cup of sugar 1 cup whipping cream 2 cups half and half 1 tbsp mint extract ? cup of chocolate chips 1 cup table salt 1 bag of ice 1 whisk 1 measuring cup, 2 cups size 1 large bowl 1 medium bowl 1 empty coffee can Method In a medium bowl, whisk pasteurized egg. When thoroughly mixed, then add half and half, the whipping cream, sugar and mint extract. Mix thoroughly.In a large bowl add a two inch layer of ice, a layer of salt. Place the contents of the medium sized bowl in the coffee can and submerge the can in the ice. Fill in sides evenly with ice and the remaining salt. Spin the coffee can in the ice. In 15 minutes you will be able to feel the mixture hardening on the sides of the can. In one hour the entire mixture should be solidified enough fo r consumption. Results/Summary This was second attempt at this lab. Each time I had two little helpers, aged 11 and 7 in the kitchen that helped measure, mix and assemble. This time we had a can with a lid so they were able to help more this go around.Our mixture came up over the rim of the coffee can and when spinning, some of the mixture leaked out. The mixture was continuously moving this time in a metal can, which I think helped the freezing process happen more quickly. Once again, in the end, the kids liked it but I thought it thawed rather quickly again. I used sugar instead of honey this time and liked the flavor more. I forgot to add the chocolate chips so we sprinkled them on top instead. Always an improvement for the next time. So, if we do this again, next time, I will add the chips before spinning. Questions 1. Saltwater is a homogeneous mixture.A homogenous mixture is defined by our text as a solution with uniform composition throughout the sample. A heterogeneous mixtu re is defined by our text as mixture that does not have uniform composition. (Page 57) 2. The ice cream was a homogeneous mixture and each of the ingredients was uniform throughout. If I would have added the chocolate chips, it would not have been uniform and would have been considered a heterogeneous mixture. 3. The saltwater solution from my large bowl was unsaturated. This time as well, there was no undissolved salt remaining in the bowl and I could have added much more salt to the water.